The synchronous mode involves interaction between distance learning subjects, during which participants are simultaneously in the electronic learning environment or communicate through audio and video conferencing. In other words, it is a real-time lesson in the chosen digital environment. The teacher and the students are present at the same time, communicating in a similar way to a regular lesson.
Asynchronous mode refers to the interaction between the subjects of distance learning, in which participants interact with each other with a time delay, using interactive educational platforms, e-mail, forums, social networks, etc. We can say that this is a mode of more independent learning, which, at the same time, is supported by a teacher using appropriate digital tools.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of these learning formats?
Synchronous learning means quick and direct feedback from both the teacher and the students. Answers and reactions are provided in real time, much like in a regular classroom. Of course, there are technological limitations that mean that only one person can speak at a time, and not all participants can be seen on the screen at once if there are many. Only in a synchronous format can you organize direct interaction between students in small groups, quickly discuss issues and make decisions.
However, synchronous learning requires an online presence at a clearly defined time. This can be a challenge, especially when there are multiple people at home with overlapping schedules. A certain part of a synchronous class is spent on negotiating technical obstacles, asking questions and clarifying due to unexpected connection interruptions and other organizational issues.
Instead, asynchronous mode allows you to work on your own schedule and at your own pace and maximizes the benefits of blended learning. This allows you to master the material based on your own understanding, not the pace of the rest of the group. At the same time, asynchronous mode can create a sense of isolation, as it reduces the sense of learning community if it is not specifically supported. In addition, it requires students to have a fairly high level of self-discipline and developed time management skills, which can be quite difficult, particularly if they have no previous experience of such work.
Thus, having considered the peculiarities of these learning formats, it is possible to identify the types and forms of activities that will allow for the most effective use of each of these modes.
Organizational issues and consultations
A synchronous class should be used to organize the learning process, answer questions about the content, or solve problems with access to digital services that students have, possibly by offering alternative ways to complete assignments.
At the same time, it works well to set aside certain periods of the school day for consultations – students know that they can ask at this time and get a direct answer. If a question arises at another time, it is worth establishing rules for answering outside of these consultations. For example, a question received by email or messenger between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. can be answered within one hour.
In the asynchronous organization of the learning process, the systematic content of the digital learning platform chosen by the educational institution is of particular importance. It is necessary to provide clear instructions and provide for different communication channels (e-mail, accessible feedback form, messenger, phone, etc.) in case of technical problems.